PVC Nasopharyngeal Airway Benefits and Limitations

There are many materials for nasopharyngeal airways, PVC and silicone are two of the more common choices. Due to its unique performance characteristics, PVC nasopharyngeal airways have obvious advantages but also have disadvantages in patient use. Today, Bever Medical will share with you the benefits and limitations of PVC materials, as well as how to maintain them. 

Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)

A nasopharyngeal airway, also known as a nasopharyngeal tube, is a hollow, soft tube with a smooth interior, designed for simplicity and ease of use. A PVC nasopharyngeal airway refers to one made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), categorized as a non-endotracheal airway device. Typically, it is placed outside the glottis, creating a passage in the nasopharynx. This tube helps support collapsed soft tissues, advances the tongue base forward to relieve airway obstruction, clear secretions, and maintain airway patency. Compared to oropharyngeal airways, nasopharyngeal tubes cause less irritation to the throat, offering greater comfort for patients during use. 

Structure of the Nasopharyngeal Airway

The nasopharyngeal airway consists of three main components:  

Connector: Features a cavity running through its length, allowing for the insertion of a catheter to pass through the airway. The upper end has a conical interface to connect and secure oxygen supply tubing, while the lower end fits tightly with the sleeve.  

Sleeve: A hollow tube that connects and fixes the tube and the connector, securing it to the tube’s opening.  

Tube: One end of the tube is beveled for easier insertion, while the other end is fitted with a sleeve for stabilization. 

Benefits of PVC Nasopharyngeal Airways

1. Good Biocompatibility and Durability 

PVC's biocompatibility makes it suitable for short-term use, as it generally does not cause significant tissue damage. This quality contributes to its widespread application in medical devices. Its durability also makes it ideal for various environments, including emergency care and short-term medical interventions. However, long-term use might increase the risk of infection or tissue damage. 

2. Ease of Use  

The moderate rigidity of PVC nasopharyngeal airways, combined with their simple design, makes them easy to insert and operate, especially for emergency medical personnel and beginners. It is crucial to use appropriate lubrication and follow proper techniques to minimize patient discomfort and potential irritation.
 

3. Low Cost  

The low production cost of PVC makes it a preferred material for disposable medical devices, offering a significant price advantage for B2B procurement needs. Compared to higher-cost materials like silicone, PVC is more suitable for short-term use.   
 

4. Adaptability to Various Environments  

PVC nasopharyngeal airways maintain stable performance in challenging environments such as high temperatures and humidity. This makes them particularly useful for emergency medical situations and field rescue operations. However, extreme temperatures may slightly affect the material’s flexibility. For specific needs, you can consult suppliers like Bever Medical, which provides high-quality nasopharyngeal airways for medical and field rescue applications.  

Limitations of PVC Nasopharyngeal Airways
  

1. Potential Discomfort or Allergic Reactions  

Although PVC has good biocompatibility, additives such as plasticizers may trigger allergic reactions in some patients, especially those with hypersensitivity. Physicians should evaluate the patient’s medical history for allergies and consider alternative materials like silicone or latex for sensitive individuals.

2. Risk of Infection or Airway Damage from Prolonged Use

The rigidity of PVC compared to silicone may cause mechanical damage to nasal and airway tissues during long-term use. Additionally, prolonged placement increases the risk of bacterial colonization, leading to infection. Therefore, PVC nasopharyngeal airways are best suited for short-term applications, with strict adherence to aseptic protocols.

3. Lower Comfort Compared to Other Materials  

PVC nasopharyngeal airways are less flexible and comfortable than silicone or other materials. For patients requiring long-term use or prioritizing comfort, silicone options may be more appropriate.  

Specific Patient Groups for PVC Nasopharyngeal Airways  

• Patients with Locked Jaw: For patients unable to clear secretions through the mouth, a nasopharyngeal airway can help maintain airway patency.  

• Patients with Pharyngeal Tumors: Nasopharyngeal airways are beneficial for those with oropharyngeal tumors causing swallowing difficulties or airway obstruction.  

• Patients with Ineffective Coughing and Secretion Clearance: Suitable for cases such as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) or post-extubation situations to prevent repetitive nasal mucosal damage during suctioning.   
   

PVC Nasopharyngeal Airway (Trumpet Type)

Maintenance and Cleaning Requirements for PVC Nasopharyngeal Airways

1. Disposable vs. Reusable Products  

Disposable products must be discarded immediately after use to avoid cross-infection.  

For reusable products, rinse off residue before cleaning. Sterilization methods should align with the material, such as high-temperature steam sterilization or chemical disinfectants like phenolic compounds or hypochlorite solutions. Ensure complete sterilization before reuse.  
 

2. Aseptic Conditions  

Insert and use the device under sterile conditions to prevent contamination.  

Inspect the airway for damage, blockages, or expiration before use. Replace any defective products promptly. 

Conclusion

PVC nasopharyngeal airways are widely used in the medical field due to their low price and easy operation, but they also have limitations. For example, long-term use may cause discomfort or infection, so it is very important to choose the right material. For patients, the right choice of nasopharyngeal airways can effectively keep the airway open, relieve symptoms, and help treatment. If you don't know which is best for you, it is a wise way to consult your doctor, he or she will recommend it according to your situation.

Additionally, if it is difficult for you to select the size of the NPA, you can ask suppliers such as Bever Medical for more advice on medical materials and products. We provide nasopharyngeal airways in a variety of materials and can provide you with detailed instructions for use to ensure that you make the best choice.